The SMITH METHOD in Defensive Driving

The SMITH SYSTEM consists of a series of interrelated techniques to avoid accidents. All are preventive measures and help drivers to see, think and act through the multiple traffic environments, the continuous challenges and existing changes in driving, no matter where they travel or what type of vehicles they operate.

The system consists of five "keys" and the techniques for using each key. These are detailed below:

1.-ALWAYS SEE FORWARD.- Direct your eyes far away, observe the place where you are going to be in a short time. See and react to future problems before they turn into unavoidable dangers.

HOW TO DO IT.- Look ahead to the distance, seeing where your vehicle will be in the next 15 seconds from that moment, when possible double your time from the forward point of view to 30 seconds, looking three blocks ahead on straight streets and flat and eight hundred meters on roads.

2.-GET A BROAD VIEW PANORAMA.- You need to have complete information to make the right decisions. The information you need is not just 15 seconds ahead, but around you. Use your eyes to establish a 360-degree circle of constant alertness.

HOW TO DO IT.- Maintain a forward viewing distance of at least 15 seconds while keeping an eye on what's going on to the sides and continually check your mirrors.

3.-KEEP YOUR EYES IN CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT.- Obtaining and maintaining a wide-vision panorama requires proper observation techniques, which is why a continuous movement of the eyes is needed. Eye movement activates your full visual potential and keeps you alert to the changing landscape.

HOW TO DO IT- Check one or more of your mirrors every five to eight seconds. Mirror selection should be related to your traffic situation and position.

4.-ALWAYS LEAVE A WAY OUT.- Using your eyes appropriately gives you time to make decisions.

Besides time, you need space. Space is your exit, it is a mattress and an escape route from the visible and the unpredictable.

HOW TO DO IT.- Get a cushion of space around your vehicle, in front, back and to the sides. Spread your safety mattress side and rear by adjusting your speed and choosing the lane where the fewest objects can invade your space. Traffic groups are not only unsafe, they also limit your options.

5.-MAKE SURE THEY SEE YOU.- Your broad vision includes people who may not be aware of your presence, but who should be. To get their attention, make eye contact. There are several warning signs that you can use.

HOW TO DO IT.- Use your horn, but lightly, gently, once or twice to get eye contact.

Use high beams, the human eye is attracted to light.

Use your brake lights. Early braking alerts people behind you and can give them more time to respond.

Hand signals, if you have time and if your window is open, hand signals can show your intentions, especially to drivers behind you.

Be ready to alter your plans quickly, if your signals are not heeded, use your space mattress as your exit.